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        <Text>Dans les sciences de la nature et de la vie, la modélisation s'est imposée comme l'instrument de base. Pourtant, la méthode expérimentale reste la référence épistémologique centrale de beaucoup de chercheurs, qui n'ont pas toujours pris conscience de la révolution conceptuelle qu'elle a connue depuis un demi-siècle. </Text>
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        <Text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;3 Préface, par E. Landais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;9 L'expérience et le modèle&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Un discours sur la méthode&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;9 Systèmes et logiques&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;13 Méthodes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;19 Modèles, quelques définitions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;24 Catégories de modèles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;34 Modèles physiques, modèles biologiques&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;40 Rôle des modèles pour l'expérimentateur&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;44 Construction des modèles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;53 Risques et critiques dans l'usage des modèles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;58 Confrontation des modèles à l'expérience&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;6l Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;65 Discussion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;91 Annexe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;105 Pour en savoir plus&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;110 Remerciements&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Dans les sciences de la nature et de la vie, la mod&amp;eacute;lisation s&amp;#39;est impos&amp;eacute;e comme l&amp;#39;instrument de base. Pourtant, la m&amp;eacute;thode exp&amp;eacute;rimentale reste la r&amp;eacute;f&amp;eacute;rence &amp;eacute;pist&amp;eacute;mologique centrale de beaucoup de chercheurs, qui n&amp;#39;ont pas toujours pris conscience de la r&amp;eacute;volution conceptuelle qu&amp;#39;elle a connue depuis un demi-si&amp;egrave;cle. Acteur et observateur privil&amp;eacute;gi&amp;eacute; de l&amp;#39;&amp;eacute;volution contemporaine de l&amp;#39;utilisation de la mod&amp;eacute;lisation, J.M. Legay en propose une analyse originale, la &amp;quot;m&amp;eacute;thode des mod&amp;egrave;les&amp;quot; apparaissant comme l&amp;#39;&amp;eacute;tat actuel de la m&amp;eacute;thode exp&amp;eacute;rimentale.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;In natural and life sciences, modelling has become the basic instrument. However, the experimental method is still the central epistemological reference for many scientists, who are not always aware of the conceptual revolution which it has undergone over half a century. Privileged actor and observer of the contemporary evolution of the use of modelling, J.M. Legay proposes an original analysis, &amp;quot;the method of models&amp;quot; appearing as the present state of the experimental method.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>Dans les sciences de la nature et de la vie, la modélisation s'est imposée comme l'instrument de base. Pourtant, la méthode expérimentale reste la référence épistémologique centrale de beaucoup de chercheurs, qui n'ont pas toujours pris conscience de la révolution conceptuelle qu'elle a connue depuis un demi-siècle. </Text>
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        <Text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;3 Préface, par E. Landais&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;9 L'expérience et le modèle&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Un discours sur la méthode&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;9 Systèmes et logiques&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;13 Méthodes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;19 Modèles, quelques définitions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;24 Catégories de modèles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;34 Modèles physiques, modèles biologiques&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;40 Rôle des modèles pour l'expérimentateur&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;44 Construction des modèles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;53 Risques et critiques dans l'usage des modèles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;58 Confrontation des modèles à l'expérience&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;6l Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;65 Discussion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;91 Annexe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;105 Pour en savoir plus&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;110 Remerciements&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
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