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        <BiographicalNote>&lt;p&gt;Professeur à l'Université des sciences et technologie de Lille. Agrégé et docteur d'État en mathématiques, il poursuit aujourd'hui des travaux sur la théorie de la complexité et ses applications, en même temps qu'il mène une activité de promotion de la culture scientifique en particulier en tenant la rubrique mensuelle "Logique et calcul" de la revue &lt;em&gt;Pour la science&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;On entend souvent dire aujourd&amp;#39;hui que la complexit&amp;eacute; est devenue un probl&amp;egrave;me fondamental de la science contemporaine, car toutes les disciplines y sont confront&amp;eacute;es, et cela sous une multitude de formes. Avant de pouvoir confirmer une telle affirmation, une s&amp;eacute;rie de questions se posent&amp;nbsp;: Qu&amp;#39;est-ce que la complexit&amp;eacute;&amp;nbsp;? Y a-t-il un concept pr&amp;eacute;cis derri&amp;egrave;re le mot&amp;nbsp;? Que nous disent les math&amp;eacute;matiques sur de possibles d&amp;eacute;finitions formelles&amp;nbsp;? Quelles sont les cons&amp;eacute;quences et les applications du travail de d&amp;eacute;finition th&amp;eacute;orique&amp;nbsp;?&lt;br /&gt;Ces questions, qui trouvent leur r&amp;eacute;ponse dans ce livre, int&amp;eacute;resseront &amp;agrave; la fois les math&amp;eacute;maticiens, les statisticiens, les biologistes et tous les &amp;eacute;tudiants des grandes &amp;eacute;coles d&amp;rsquo;ing&amp;eacute;nieur, mais aussi tous ceux qui veulent comprendre la philosophie des sciences contemporaines dont l&amp;#39;un des buts est de saisir la nature profonde du hasard et de la complexit&amp;eacute;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;It is often said these days that complexity has become a fundamental problem in modern science, as it concerns each and every discipline, in a multitude of shapes and forms. Before such a claim can be confirmed, there are several questions to be answered: What is complexity? Is there a precise concept behind the word? What can mathematics tell us about possible formal definitions? What are the consequences and applications of work to find a theoretical definition?&lt;br /&gt;These questions, which are answered in the book, will be of interest to mathematicians, statisticians, biologists and engineering students at French grandes &amp;eacute;coles, but also anyone looking to understand the philosophy of modern science, one of the aims of which is to grasp the profound nature of chance and complexity.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>Les notions de complexité, d'organisation et d'information sont omniprésentes dans les sciences, mais souvent mal définies. Cet ouvrage répond aux questions des mathématiciens, des statisticiens, des biologistes et des étudiants des grandes écoles.</Text>
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        <Text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pre&amp;acute;face de Franc&amp;cedil;ois Rodolphe&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deux complexite&amp;acute;s ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La complexite&amp;acute; ale&amp;acute;atoire&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; Pourquoi se ramener a` une suite de 0 et de 1 ?&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; La de&amp;acute;finition de&amp;acute;pend-elle du langage de programmation choisi ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Des exemples pour e&amp;acute;clairer la de&amp;acute;finition&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; Une suite re&amp;acute;pe&amp;acute;titive e&amp;acute;le&amp;acute;mentaire&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; Un milliard de chiffres du de&amp;acute;veloppement en base 2 du nombre p&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; Une suite de chiffres au hasard&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; Un exemple mixte&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le calcul et l&amp;#39;e&amp;acute;valuation de K(s)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Complexite&amp;acute; relative et distance informationnelle&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La complexite&amp;acute; de Kolmogorov, mesure de la complexite&amp;acute; ale&amp;acute;atoire&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Premie`re tentative de de&amp;acute;finition du contenu en calcul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deuxie`me tentative de de&amp;acute;finition du contenu en calcul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Troisie`me tentative de de&amp;acute;finition du contenu en calcul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arguments favorables a` l&amp;#39;identification propose&amp;acute;e par Bennett&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Autres ide&amp;acute;es et propositions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bibliographie&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Discussion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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