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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Lorsque l’on s’interroge sur les usages sociaux de la science, on envisage rarement celui que les chercheurs pourraient eux-mêmes faire d’une sociologie de la production scientifique. Ne pourraient-ils en faire un usage « clinique » qui permettrait à la recherche de remplir plus efficacement les missions que la société lui confie ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les « champs scientifiques » sont, selon Pierre Bourdieu, le jeu de l’affrontement nécessaire entre deux espèces de capital scientifique : un capital que l’on peut qualifier de social, lié à l’occupation de positions éminentes dans les institutions scientifiques, et un capital spécifique qui repose sur la reconnaissance par les pairs. Et parce que la novation scientifique ne va pas sans ruptures avec les présupposés en vigueur, le capital scientifique spécifique est le plus exposé à la contestation. Il arrive ainsi que les chercheurs les plus novateurs soient violemment combattus par leur propre institution. La sociologie de la science peut aider à dépasser ce type de contradictions et à fonder les principes concrets de la démarche clinique que l’auteur appelle de ses vœux.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Date de première publication : 1997&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;According to Pierre Bourdieu, the “scientific fields” are where of necessity two forms of power corresponding to two species of “scientific capital” confront each other: a capital that can be qualified as social and a specific capital that relies almost exclusively on peer recognition. The sociology of science can assist in overcoming these contradictions and in establishing the concrete principles of a “realpolitik of reason” in this field.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Les "champs scientifiques" sont, selon Pierre Bourdieu, le lieu de l'affrontement nécessaire entre deux formes de pouvoir correspondant à deux espèces de "capital scientifique" : un capital que l'on peut qualifier de social, et un capital spécifique qui repose presque exclusivement sur la reconnaissance par les pairs. La sociologie de la science peut aider à dépasser ces contradictions et à fonder en ce domaine les principes concrets d'une "realpolitik de la raison".&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;According to Pierre Bourdieu, the “scientific fields” are where of necessity two forms of power corresponding to two species of “scientific capital” confront each other: a capital that can be qualified as social and a specific capital that relies almost exclusively on peer recognition. The sociology of science can assist in overcoming these contradictions and in establishing the concrete principles of a “realpolitik of reason” in this field.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>&lt;p&gt;Préface, par P. Champagne&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduction&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les champs comme microcosmes relativement autonomes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les propriétés spécifiques des champs scientifiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les deux espèces de capital scientifique&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'espace des points de vue&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La situation particulière de l’lNRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aller au-delà des apparences et des fausses antinomies&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quelques propositions normatives&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Une conversion collective&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Discussion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
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        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;According to Pierre Bourdieu, the “scientific fields” are where of necessity two forms of power corresponding to two species of “scientific capital” confront each other: a capital that can be qualified as social and a specific capital that relies almost exclusively on peer recognition. The sociology of science can assist in overcoming these contradictions and in establishing the concrete principles of a “realpolitik of reason” in this field.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>&lt;p&gt;Préface, par P. Champagne&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduction&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les champs comme microcosmes relativement autonomes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les propriétés spécifiques des champs scientifiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les deux espèces de capital scientifique&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'espace des points de vue&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La situation particulière de l’lNRA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aller au-delà des apparences et des fausses antinomies&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quelques propositions normatives&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Une conversion collective&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Discussion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
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        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;According to Pierre Bourdieu, the “scientific fields” are where of necessity two forms of power corresponding to two species of “scientific capital” confront each other: a capital that can be qualified as social and a specific capital that relies almost exclusively on peer recognition. The sociology of science can assist in overcoming these contradictions and in establishing the concrete principles of a “realpolitik of reason” in this field.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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