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Update Sciences & technologies
Cette collection publie des ouvrages en français ou en anglais faisant le point sur des avancées récentes dans les domaines des sciences et des technologies. Elle est destinée aux spécialistes du domaine.
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Trente années d’observation des micro-algues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral
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A2215
Catherine Belin
Belin, Catherine
Catherine
Belin
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><b><span style="font-family:Roboto">Catherine Belin</span></b><span style="font-family:Roboto"> est ingénieure en environnement, et a été la coordinatrice nationale des réseaux Rephy-Rephytoxde l’Ifremer, de 1988 à 2017. À ce titre, elle a œuvré pour le rapprochement entre la surveillance et la recherche, et elle a contribué à faire reconnaître les données Rephy comme des données d’intérêt scientifique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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A01
01
A2216
Dominique Soudant
Soudant, Dominique
Dominique
Soudant
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><b><span style="font-family:Roboto">DominiqueSoudant</span></b><span style="font-family:Roboto"> est docteur enbiomathématiques de l’université Paris-Diderot.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Roboto">Depuis 2007, il est ingénieur pour la valorisationdes données de la surveillance à l’Ifremer et spécialisé dans le traitement desséries temporelles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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258
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Izibook:Subject
Milieux naturels et environnement
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Izibook:Subject
Pêche - Ressources aquatiques et aquacoles
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Izibook:Subject
Sciences sociales, politiques, économiques
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Izibook:Subject
Sciences de la vie et de la terre
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Izibook:Subject
Santé
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Izibook:Tags
Mer;Pollution, gestion des déchets
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Izibook:NewTags
Milieux naturels et environnement|Mer;Pollution, gestion des déchets
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Izibook:NewTags
Pêche - Ressources aquatiques et aquacoles|Écosystèmes halieutiques
23
Izibook:NewTags
Sciences sociales, politiques, économiques|Développement, développement durable
23
Izibook:NewTags
Sciences de la vie et de la terre|Ecologie générale
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algue;contamination;coquillage;développement durable;eau de mer;écologie;hydrologie;toxicité;plancton
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NAT010000
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<p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont des réseaux de surveillance du littoral créés par l’Ifremer en 1984. Ils ont pour objectifs d’observer le phytoplancton et les paramètres hydrologiques associés (Rephy), ainsi que de détecter les toxines algales s’accumulant dans les coquillages (Rephytox). Cet ouvrage a pour triple ambition de : décrire le Rephy-Rephytox, fournir une vision globale des données acquises par ces réseaux pendant les trois dernières décennies, montrer l’importance des séries de données environnementales acquises sur le long terme.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont désormais reconnus aux niveaux national et international. Chacun des réseaux est décrit en détail dans son format actuel, incluant les objectifs, les stratégies d’échantillonnage, les lieux de prélèvement, les paramètres mesurés ainsi que les méthodes. Les données sur le phytoplancton acquises par le Rephy permettent de dessiner le paysage des populations microalgales du littoral,dans l’espace et le temps, à différentes échelles. Une typologie des espèces emblématiques est ainsi proposée. L’utilisation des données dans le contexte de la directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau fournit une carte de la qualité des eaux littorales. Le traitement des séries de données phytoplancton ethydrologie par modèle linéaire dynamique (<i>DynamicLinear Model, DLM</i>) donne un éclairage tout à fait inédit et novateur. Un panorama détaillé sur les occurrences saisonnières des trois familles de phycotoxines présentes sur le littoral est également exposé.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Cet ouvrage s’adresse en particulier aux scientifiques travaillant sur les écosystèmes littoraux, mais aussi à tout public intéressé par ces problématiques.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont des réseaux de surveillance du littoral créés par l’Ifremer. Ils visent à observer le phytoplancton et les paramètres hydrologiques associés, ainsi qu’à détecter les toxines algales s’accumulant dans les coquillages. Après une description de ces réseaux, cet ouvrage fournit une vision globale des données acquises pendant les trois dernières décennies et il montre l’importance des séries de données environnementales acquises sur le long terme.</span></span><br></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 1. Contexte</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Quels « services » le phytoplanctonprocure-t-il ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Pourquoi observer et surveiller lephytoplancton ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Quels sont les enjeux prioritaires d’une observation du phytoplancton côtier ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Enjeux de santé publique<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Ce qu’ont déjà montré les données du Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">L’observation du phytoplancton : un enjeu capital<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 2. L’observation et la surveillance du phytoplancton et des phycotoxines</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Historique<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Le Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Le Rephytox<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les données Rephy et Rephytox : bancarisation,mise à disposition et valorisation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 3. Les données phytoplancton</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Contexte général sur le littoral français métropolitain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">État des lieux des séries de données Phytoplancton<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Concentrations régulières fortes à très fortes de certains taxons<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les taxons jugés dominants<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Trente années d’observation des microalgues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Évaluation de la qualité des eaux littorales avec les outils DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les espèces phytoplanctoniques toxiques ou nuisibles<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les espèces phytoplanctoniques« emblématiques » du littoral français métropolitain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Tendances à long terme des séries de données phytoplancton<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 4. Les données hydrologie</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Température de l’eau<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chlorophylle <i>a</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">L’impact de l’azote inorganique dissous sur la chlorophylle <i>a</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Indicateurs hydrologiques évalués dans le cadre de la DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 5. Les données phycotoxines</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les phycotoxines nuisibles pour les humains<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les familles de toxines présentes sur le littoral français<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Trente ans de résultats sur les trois familles de phycotoxines<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Réglementées (DSP, PSP et ASP)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 6. Perspectives<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Glossaire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Références bibliographiques<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 1. Textes réglementaires ou guides cités dans le texte<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 2. Zones marines<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 3. Masses d’eau DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 4. Implantations Ifremer pour la mise en œuvre du Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 5. Principaux sites Web cités dans le texte<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 6. Taxons identifiés dans les données Quadrige-Rephy sur tout le littoral métropolitain, période 1987-2016<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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Trente années d’observation des micro-algues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral
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Update Sciences & technologies
Cette collection publie des ouvrages en français ou en anglais faisant le point sur des avancées récentes dans les domaines des sciences et des technologies. Elle est destinée aux spécialistes du domaine.
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Trente années d’observation des micro-algues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral
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A01
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A2215
Catherine Belin
Belin, Catherine
Catherine
Belin
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><b><span style="font-family:Roboto">Catherine Belin</span></b><span style="font-family:Roboto"> est ingénieure en environnement, et a été la coordinatrice nationale des réseaux Rephy-Rephytoxde l’Ifremer, de 1988 à 2017. À ce titre, elle a œuvré pour le rapprochement entre la surveillance et la recherche, et elle a contribué à faire reconnaître les données Rephy comme des données d’intérêt scientifique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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A01
01
A2216
Dominique Soudant
Soudant, Dominique
Dominique
Soudant
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><b><span style="font-family:Roboto">DominiqueSoudant</span></b><span style="font-family:Roboto"> est docteur enbiomathématiques de l’université Paris-Diderot.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Roboto">Depuis 2007, il est ingénieur pour la valorisationdes données de la surveillance à l’Ifremer et spécialisé dans le traitement desséries temporelles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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fre
08
258
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Izibook:Subject
Milieux naturels et environnement
24
Izibook:Subject
Pêche - Ressources aquatiques et aquacoles
24
Izibook:Subject
Sciences sociales, politiques, économiques
24
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Sciences de la vie et de la terre
24
Izibook:Subject
Santé
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Izibook:Tags
Mer;Pollution, gestion des déchets
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Izibook:NewTags
Milieux naturels et environnement|Mer;Pollution, gestion des déchets
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Izibook:NewTags
Pêche - Ressources aquatiques et aquacoles|Écosystèmes halieutiques
23
Izibook:NewTags
Sciences sociales, politiques, économiques|Développement, développement durable
23
Izibook:NewTags
Sciences de la vie et de la terre|Ecologie générale
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algue;contamination;coquillage;développement durable;eau de mer;écologie;hydrologie;toxicité;plancton
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NAT010000
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579
03
00
<p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont des réseaux de surveillance du littoral créés par l’Ifremer en 1984. Ils ont pour objectifs d’observer le phytoplancton et les paramètres hydrologiques associés (Rephy), ainsi que de détecter les toxines algales s’accumulant dans les coquillages (Rephytox). Cet ouvrage a pour triple ambition de : décrire le Rephy-Rephytox, fournir une vision globale des données acquises par ces réseaux pendant les trois dernières décennies, montrer l’importance des séries de données environnementales acquises sur le long terme.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont désormais reconnus aux niveaux national et international. Chacun des réseaux est décrit en détail dans son format actuel, incluant les objectifs, les stratégies d’échantillonnage, les lieux de prélèvement, les paramètres mesurés ainsi que les méthodes. Les données sur le phytoplancton acquises par le Rephy permettent de dessiner le paysage des populations microalgales du littoral,dans l’espace et le temps, à différentes échelles. Une typologie des espèces emblématiques est ainsi proposée. L’utilisation des données dans le contexte de la directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau fournit une carte de la qualité des eaux littorales. Le traitement des séries de données phytoplancton ethydrologie par modèle linéaire dynamique (<i>DynamicLinear Model, DLM</i>) donne un éclairage tout à fait inédit et novateur. Un panorama détaillé sur les occurrences saisonnières des trois familles de phycotoxines présentes sur le littoral est également exposé.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Cet ouvrage s’adresse en particulier aux scientifiques travaillant sur les écosystèmes littoraux, mais aussi à tout public intéressé par ces problématiques.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
02
00
<p><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont des réseaux de surveillance du littoral créés par l’Ifremer. Ils visent à observer le phytoplancton et les paramètres hydrologiques associés, ainsi qu’à détecter les toxines algales s’accumulant dans les coquillages. Après une description de ces réseaux, cet ouvrage fournit une vision globale des données acquises pendant les trois dernières décennies et il montre l’importance des séries de données environnementales acquises sur le long terme.</span></span><br></p>
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00
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 1. Contexte</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Quels « services » le phytoplanctonprocure-t-il ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Pourquoi observer et surveiller lephytoplancton ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Quels sont les enjeux prioritaires d’une observation du phytoplancton côtier ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Enjeux de santé publique<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Ce qu’ont déjà montré les données du Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">L’observation du phytoplancton : un enjeu capital<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 2. L’observation et la surveillance du phytoplancton et des phycotoxines</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Historique<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Le Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Le Rephytox<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les données Rephy et Rephytox : bancarisation,mise à disposition et valorisation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 3. Les données phytoplancton</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Contexte général sur le littoral français métropolitain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">État des lieux des séries de données Phytoplancton<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Concentrations régulières fortes à très fortes de certains taxons<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les taxons jugés dominants<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Trente années d’observation des microalgues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Évaluation de la qualité des eaux littorales avec les outils DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les espèces phytoplanctoniques toxiques ou nuisibles<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les espèces phytoplanctoniques« emblématiques » du littoral français métropolitain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Tendances à long terme des séries de données phytoplancton<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 4. Les données hydrologie</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Température de l’eau<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chlorophylle <i>a</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">L’impact de l’azote inorganique dissous sur la chlorophylle <i>a</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Indicateurs hydrologiques évalués dans le cadre de la DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 5. Les données phycotoxines</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les phycotoxines nuisibles pour les humains<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les familles de toxines présentes sur le littoral français<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Trente ans de résultats sur les trois familles de phycotoxines<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Réglementées (DSP, PSP et ASP)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 6. Perspectives<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Glossaire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Références bibliographiques<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 1. Textes réglementaires ou guides cités dans le texte<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 2. Zones marines<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 3. Masses d’eau DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 4. Implantations Ifremer pour la mise en œuvre du Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 5. Principaux sites Web cités dans le texte<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 6. Taxons identifiés dans les données Quadrige-Rephy sur tout le littoral métropolitain, période 1987-2016<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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Trente années d’observation des micro-algues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral
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Update Sciences & technologies
Cette collection publie des ouvrages en français ou en anglais faisant le point sur des avancées récentes dans les domaines des sciences et des technologies. Elle est destinée aux spécialistes du domaine.
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Trente années d’observation des micro-algues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral
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A2215
Catherine Belin
Belin, Catherine
Catherine
Belin
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><b><span style="font-family:Roboto">Catherine Belin</span></b><span style="font-family:Roboto"> est ingénieure en environnement, et a été la coordinatrice nationale des réseaux Rephy-Rephytoxde l’Ifremer, de 1988 à 2017. À ce titre, elle a œuvré pour le rapprochement entre la surveillance et la recherche, et elle a contribué à faire reconnaître les données Rephy comme des données d’intérêt scientifique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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A01
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A2216
Dominique Soudant
Soudant, Dominique
Dominique
Soudant
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><b><span style="font-family:Roboto">DominiqueSoudant</span></b><span style="font-family:Roboto"> est docteur enbiomathématiques de l’université Paris-Diderot.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Roboto">Depuis 2007, il est ingénieur pour la valorisationdes données de la surveillance à l’Ifremer et spécialisé dans le traitement desséries temporelles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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Izibook:Subject
Milieux naturels et environnement
24
Izibook:Subject
Pêche - Ressources aquatiques et aquacoles
24
Izibook:Subject
Sciences sociales, politiques, économiques
24
Izibook:Subject
Sciences de la vie et de la terre
24
Izibook:Subject
Santé
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Izibook:Tags
Mer;Pollution, gestion des déchets
23
Izibook:NewTags
Milieux naturels et environnement|Mer;Pollution, gestion des déchets
23
Izibook:NewTags
Pêche - Ressources aquatiques et aquacoles|Écosystèmes halieutiques
23
Izibook:NewTags
Sciences sociales, politiques, économiques|Développement, développement durable
23
Izibook:NewTags
Sciences de la vie et de la terre|Ecologie générale
20
algue;contamination;coquillage;développement durable;eau de mer;écologie;hydrologie;toxicité;plancton
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NAT010000
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<p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont des réseaux de surveillance du littoral créés par l’Ifremer en 1984. Ils ont pour objectifs d’observer le phytoplancton et les paramètres hydrologiques associés (Rephy), ainsi que de détecter les toxines algales s’accumulant dans les coquillages (Rephytox). Cet ouvrage a pour triple ambition de : décrire le Rephy-Rephytox, fournir une vision globale des données acquises par ces réseaux pendant les trois dernières décennies, montrer l’importance des séries de données environnementales acquises sur le long terme.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont désormais reconnus aux niveaux national et international. Chacun des réseaux est décrit en détail dans son format actuel, incluant les objectifs, les stratégies d’échantillonnage, les lieux de prélèvement, les paramètres mesurés ainsi que les méthodes. Les données sur le phytoplancton acquises par le Rephy permettent de dessiner le paysage des populations microalgales du littoral,dans l’espace et le temps, à différentes échelles. Une typologie des espèces emblématiques est ainsi proposée. L’utilisation des données dans le contexte de la directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau fournit une carte de la qualité des eaux littorales. Le traitement des séries de données phytoplancton ethydrologie par modèle linéaire dynamique (<i>DynamicLinear Model, DLM</i>) donne un éclairage tout à fait inédit et novateur. Un panorama détaillé sur les occurrences saisonnières des trois familles de phycotoxines présentes sur le littoral est également exposé.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p></p><p class="Style1" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Cet ouvrage s’adresse en particulier aux scientifiques travaillant sur les écosystèmes littoraux, mais aussi à tout public intéressé par ces problématiques.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p><span class="Style4Car"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Roboto;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FR;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Le Rephy et le Rephytox sont des réseaux de surveillance du littoral créés par l’Ifremer. Ils visent à observer le phytoplancton et les paramètres hydrologiques associés, ainsi qu’à détecter les toxines algales s’accumulant dans les coquillages. Après une description de ces réseaux, cet ouvrage fournit une vision globale des données acquises pendant les trois dernières décennies et il montre l’importance des séries de données environnementales acquises sur le long terme.</span></span><br></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 1. Contexte</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Quels « services » le phytoplanctonprocure-t-il ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Pourquoi observer et surveiller lephytoplancton ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Quels sont les enjeux prioritaires d’une observation du phytoplancton côtier ?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Enjeux de santé publique<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Ce qu’ont déjà montré les données du Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">L’observation du phytoplancton : un enjeu capital<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 2. L’observation et la surveillance du phytoplancton et des phycotoxines</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Historique<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Le Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Le Rephytox<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les données Rephy et Rephytox : bancarisation,mise à disposition et valorisation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 3. Les données phytoplancton</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Contexte général sur le littoral français métropolitain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">État des lieux des séries de données Phytoplancton<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Concentrations régulières fortes à très fortes de certains taxons<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les taxons jugés dominants<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Trente années d’observation des microalgues et des toxines d’algues sur le littoral<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Évaluation de la qualité des eaux littorales avec les outils DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les espèces phytoplanctoniques toxiques ou nuisibles<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les espèces phytoplanctoniques« emblématiques » du littoral français métropolitain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Tendances à long terme des séries de données phytoplancton<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 4. Les données hydrologie</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Température de l’eau<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chlorophylle <i>a</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">L’impact de l’azote inorganique dissous sur la chlorophylle <i>a</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Indicateurs hydrologiques évalués dans le cadre de la DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 5. Les données phycotoxines</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les phycotoxines nuisibles pour les humains<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Les familles de toxines présentes sur le littoral français<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Trente ans de résultats sur les trois familles de phycotoxines<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Réglementées (DSP, PSP et ASP)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Chapitre 6. Perspectives<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Glossaire<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Références bibliographiques<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 1. Textes réglementaires ou guides cités dans le texte<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 2. Zones marines<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 3. Masses d’eau DCE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 4. Implantations Ifremer pour la mise en œuvre du Rephy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 5. Principaux sites Web cités dans le texte<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Roboto;">Annexe 6. Taxons identifiés dans les données Quadrige-Rephy sur tout le littoral métropolitain, période 1987-2016<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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