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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Sur pr&amp;egrave;s de cinquante kilom&amp;egrave;tres en aval de Rouen, la Seine est d&amp;eacute;pourvue d&amp;#39;oxyg&amp;egrave;ne pendant plus de six mois par an. Ce grave probl&amp;egrave;me de qualit&amp;eacute; &amp;eacute;tait plus aigu encore dans les ann&amp;eacute;es soixante. Le niveau d&amp;#39;oxyg&amp;eacute;nation de l&amp;#39;eau refl&amp;egrave;te &amp;eacute;troitement le bilan de la photosynth&amp;egrave;se algale, de la d&amp;eacute;gradation h&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;rotrophe de la mati&amp;egrave;re organique, produite par les algues ou apport&amp;eacute;e par les effluents, et de l&amp;#39;oxydation de l&amp;#39;ammonium en nitrates par la nitrification. Les apports d&amp;#39;oxyg&amp;egrave;ne par le d&amp;eacute;bit d&amp;#39;amont et les &amp;eacute;changes avec l&amp;#39;atmosph&amp;egrave;re sont insuffisants pour compenser le d&amp;eacute;ficit de ce bilan d&amp;egrave;s que le d&amp;eacute;bit est inf&amp;eacute;rieur &amp;agrave; 500 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s. La mod&amp;eacute;lisation math&amp;eacute;matique permet de mieux comprendre les variations &amp;agrave; court terme de l&amp;#39;oxyg&amp;eacute;nation de l&amp;#39;estuaire, li&amp;eacute;es au cycle des mar&amp;eacute;es et &amp;agrave; celui des saisons, et ses variations &amp;agrave; long terme, li&amp;eacute;es aux changements de l&amp;#39;activit&amp;eacute; humaine dans le bassin depuis cinquante ans. Un tel outil permet d&amp;#39;&amp;eacute;valuer les mesures &amp;agrave; prendre pour am&amp;eacute;liorer le niveau d&amp;#39;oxyg&amp;egrave;ne dans l&amp;#39;avenir.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;Over nearly fifty kilometres downstream from Rouen, the Seine is oxygen-depleted for over six months of the year. This serious problem of water quality was even more acute in the sixties. The water&amp;#39;s oxygenation level closely reflects the balance of algal photosynthesis, heterotrophic degradation of organic matter, produced by algae or brought by effluents, and of ammonium&amp;#39;s oxydation into nitrates by nitrification. Oxygen inputs from the upstream flow and exchanges with the atmosphere are not sufficient to compensate for the deficit, once the flow rate falls below 500 m&amp;sup3;/s. Mathematical modelling provides better understanding of short-term variations in the estuary&amp;#39;s oxygenation, linked to tidal and seasonal cycles, and its long-term variations, linked to changes in human acivities in the basin over the past fifty years. This tool can assess the measure to be taken to improve the oxygen level in future.&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>Sur près de cinquante kilomètres en aval de Rouen, la Seine est dépourvue d'oxygène pendant plus de six mois par an. La modélisation mathématique permet de mieux comprendre les variations à court terme de l'oxygénation de l'estuaire, liées au cycle des marées et à celui des saisons, et ses variations à long terme, liées aux changements de l'activité humaine dans le bassin depuis cinquante ans. Un tel outil permet d'évaluer les mesures à prendre pour améliorer le niveau d'oxygène dans l'avenir.</Text>
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