Genetics and breeding of common carp

Preface 3
1. The origin o f domesticated breeds o f common carp 5
2. The karyotype o f the common carp and the genetic mechanism o f sex
determination 9
The chromosome number of common carp and the problem of
polyploidy 9
Sex determination in the common carp 11
3. Genetics o f quantitative traits in the common carp 13
Scale cover 13
Pigmentation 20
Other morphological traits 23
Biochemical genetics 25
Blood groups and histocompatibility 35
Linkage relations j35
The conservation o f variation: a practical problem 35
4. Biometrical genetics of the common carp 37
Variation o f quantitative traits 37
Polygenic inheritance in carp 39
Phenotypical and genetic correlations between variable traits 45
Genorype-environment interaction 46
5. Inbreeding and inbreeding depression 47
6. Gynogenesis, androgenesis and polyploidy in the common carp 51
Spontaneous gynogenesis 51
Induced gynogenesis 52
Peculiarities of diploid gynogenetic carp and the application o f gynogenesis
to genetic studies 55
Androgenesis 56
Polyploidy in the common carp 57
7. Sex regulation in common carp 59
Production o f unisex offspring 59
Sex reversal in young fish by steroid hormones 60
Crossing transformed males with normal females 60
Polyploidy as a mechanism of sex regulation 61
8. Genetic engineering in the carp: the state o f the art and future prospects 63
Introduction 63
Gene cloning 64
Methods 64
Prospects for the practical use o f genetic engineering in carp culture . 66
9. Selection and breeding o f the common carp 67
The objectives o f artificial selection 67
Methods of selection 68
The most important carp breeds and breeding programmes 71
Commercial hybridization 76
Interspecific hybridization , 77