With an annual growth rate of around 5% between 2015 and 2026, the shrimp industry has become a pillar of aquaculture, supplying products that are widely available on store shelves. This industrial sector is expanding and intensifying its operations in coastal areas, particularly in the tropics.This growth trajectory, based on practices and production methods inherited from the 1980s, nevertheless poses numerous environmental, economic, and societal problems, calling into question the sector’s sustainability: the emergence of animal diseases and significant impacts on coastal ecosystems.To better understand the sector’s current risks and challenges, the author reviews the experience gained in various regions of the world (New Caledonia, Indonesia and Vietnam) regarding the links between shrimp farming and the environment. He discusses the implementation of innovative tools for the monitoring and sustainable management of systems, the diversification of farmed species, the ecological intensification of production systems and the development of integrated multitrophic aquaculture. He also covers the rehabilitation of aquaculture ponds that have been abandoned by farmers following successive crises since the 1990s.This book is intended for all stakeholders in the shrimp industry, including government officials and their decentralized agencies, local governments, consulting firms, as well as industry professionals—from production to the food processing sector. It also serves as a valuable resource for students and anyone wishing to understand the challenges facing the sector and the solutions being considered to promote more sustainable shrimp farming.