Urban soils, environment and health

Foreword 3

Preface 5

Acknowledgments 9

Introduction 10

PART I SOIL POLLUTION 15

Introduction Soils and their history: between knowledge and uncertainties 17

1. Diffuse contamination of agricultural and urban soils: state of knowledge and available data 19

2. Historical studies in the context of polluted sites and soils 47

3. Soil health and history in Belgium 54

4. Soil Information Sector (SIS): civil law in support of environmental law 69

5. Development of a spatialized index of potential pollution of trace metal elements in urban soils in Île-de-France 76

PART II HOW FAR CAN WE SANITIZE/REMEDIATE THE CITY? 91

Introduction Spreading and amendments: history and impacts on soils and territories 93

6. Recycling sewage sludge in France since the 1970s: actors and limits of metabolic recirculation 95

7. What trajectories for peri-urban degraded soils? 109

8. Management of organic waste products generated in the Paris region and their impact on soil quality 126

9. Recycling of organic materials: yes, but to what extent? 146

PART III LAND USES, POLLUTANT TRANSFERS AND HEALTH 151

Introduction Soils and health: multiple links, an imperative for prevention 153

10. Soil pollution and deterioration of indoor air quality 1558

11. Risks and management of urban soils for recreational uses and vegetable growing 168

12. Drinking water and health: a difficult assessment of health risks 189

13. Chemical contaminants in foodstuffs of animal origin produced in peri-urban areas 204

14. Impacts of the herbicide glyphosate in a global health context 219

15. Impact of fungicides used in the environment on human health 225

16. Soils and parasites: the case of roundworm through the ages 231

PART IV THRESHOLDS AND USES FOR A HEALTHIER CITY 249

Introduction Soil management for a healthier city 251

17. Soil health at the center of the new European Union strategy 252

18. The development of benchmark values on (peri)urban soils: between sharing of knowledge and production of ignorance 256

19. Guide to setting up a collective garden in Île-de-France 270

20. Valorization of nettle in the context of phytomanagement of polluted soils 274

21. Off-site recovery approaches for excavated land in development projects 289

Conclusion 303

List of acronyms 309

List of authors 313